Turbotransmission



May 23, 1944. J. JANDAsEK TURBO TRANSMISSION Filed May 10, 1940 2Sheets-Sheet 1 NW. \7 y un NVENTOR @5c/ J/vzgel. BY M my KU J ATTORNEY5.

May 23, 1944. J. JANDASEK TURBO TRANSMISSION 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May10, 1940 A T70 NE 15.9.

@alienated May 2% iti 2,349,350 'runno'rnANsMlssroN Joseph Jandasek,Detroit, Mich., assignor to Bendix Aviation Corporation, South Bend,Ind., a

corporation oi Delaware Application May 10, 1940, Serial No. 334,315

17 Claims.

This invention relates to transmission devices, and more particularly toa turbotransmission adapted to transmit power more efficiently than hasheretofore been possible.

An object of this invention is to provide speed increasing means todrive a turbounit and power regenerative means to increase the totaltorque output ratio of the device.

Another object of the invention resides in the provision of a turbounithaving spaced interconnected vanes to vary the angular position of thevanes in proportion to variations of fluid reaction exerted on one ofthe interconnected vanes.

A further object is to provide interconnected main and guiding vaneswherein the guiding and rectifying vanes are subjected to fluid reactionand vary the angular position of the main vanes proportionately to thedirection of the fluid ow.

Another object of the invention is to provide novel speed increasingmeans interposed between a driving shaft and a driven element of aturbounit wherein a portion of the energy imparted to the driven elementis regenerated in the turbounit to drive a driven element thereof.

Yet a stili further object resides in the provision of improved speedincreasing means to drive a driven element of a turbounit accompanied bya progressively increasing regeneration of power within the turbounit asthe power transmitted increases.

Another object is to provide improved speed increasing and reversedriving means between a prime mover and a turbounit whereby the power ofthe prime mover may be employed as a braking force.

A further object is to provide a turbotransmission which may beselectively utilized as an absorption dynamometer to exert a brakingforce.

Another object resides in the provision of means under the influence ofthe speed of a driven shaft to reverse the directoin of rotation of adriven element of a turbounit whereby the turbounit may be employed toexert a braking force and wherein manually operable means are providedto control the power developed by the prime mover proportionately tomovement of the manually operable means.

Yet a still further object of the invention is to provide manuallyoperable reverse means interposed between a prime mover and a turbounitto effect, reverse drive.

A further object is to provide means under the control of the operatorto reverse the direction of lvrotation of a rotatable element of aturbounit.

Another object is to provide manually oper- (Cl. 19g-4) able meanswhereby a turbounit may be employed to exert a braking force, and thepower developed by a prime mover will be varied proportionately tomovement of the manually operable means to progressively increase thebraking force exerted by the turbounit. A

Other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from thefollowing detailed description considered in connection with theaccompanying drawings, submitted for purposes of illustration only, andnot intended to define the scope of the invention, reference being hadfor that purpose to the subjoined claims.

In the drawings wherein similar reference characters refer to similarparts throughout the several views:

Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a transmission device embodying thepresent invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section of a modied form of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the position of the guidewheel vanes of Fig. 2 at light and heavy loads.

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 illustrating the position oi impellervanes of Fig. 2 at light and heavy loads. l

Fig. L5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 illustrating the position ofturbovanes of Fig. 2 in two operative positions.

Fig. 6 is a vertical section oi a radial turbine embodying the presentinvention.

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the position of the vanes ofthe device disclosed in Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a vertical section of a radial impeller embodying theinvention.

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the position of the vanes ofthe device disclosed in Fig. 8; and

Fig. 10 is a vertical section of a modified form of the invention.

Before explaining in detail the present invention it is to be understoodthat the invention is not limited in its application to the details ofconstruction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, since the invention is capable of other embodiments and ofbeing practiced or carried out in various ways. Also it is to beunderstood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is forthe purpose of description and not 'of limitation, and it is notintended to 1imit the invention claimed herein beyond the requirementsof the prior art.

Referring now to Fig, 1, it will be observed that a driving shaft Ioperably connected to any suit- V able prime mover is provided with aradially extending flange 2. The flange 2 carries a plurality of spacedstuds 3, each of which is provided with a planet pinion 4. The planetpinions 4 are compound in form having smaller and larger pinion gears 5and 3 respectively. The smaller pinion gears 5 engage a ring'gear 1supported on suitable bearings l. The ring gear 1 is prov'lded withI aflange or drum 5 adapted to be engaged by a brake band I to stop thering gear 1 from rotation under certain operating conditions.

The pinion gears 6 mesh with a ring gear II carried by a radiallyextending flange I2 having an axially extending inner cylinder I3supported on suitable bearings I4 associated with the driving shaft I.

The pinion gears 6 also mesh with a sun gear I5 having an axiallyextending cylindrical portion I 6 mounted on suitable bearings I1associated with the driving shaft I. The cylindrical portion I6 of thesun gear I5 is provided with a radially extending flange I8 terminatingin a flange or drum I9 adapted to be engaged by a brake band 20 undercertain operating conditions.

When the brake band 2D is actuated to lock the drum I9, flange I8,cylinder I5 and sun gears I5, power is transmitted from the drivingshaft I, ange 2, studs 3, pinion gears 8 to drive the ring gear II at ahigher speed than the driving shaft l.

When the brake band I0 is actuated to lock the drum 9 and the ring gear1, power is transmitted from the driving shaftl I, flange 2, studs 3 todrive the ring gear II in reverse. In view of the variation in diameterin the pinion gears 5 and 6, when the ring gear 1 is locked againstrotation with the sun gear I5 released, the pinion gears 5 rotate withinthe ring gear 1 and transmit power to the ring gear I I in the reversedirection through the pinion gears 6 which are fixed to the pinion gears5.

Power applied to the ring gear I I is transmitted through the flange I2and cylinder I3 to a rotatable housing 2| fixed to the cylinder I3 inany suitable manner such for example as by splines 22. The housing 2i isprovided with a plurality of spaced studs 23 each of which is providedwith a pinion gear 24. Each of the pinions 24 meshes with a, ring gear25 carried by a flange 26 mounted on a sleeve 21. The sleeve 21 ispreferably provided with a beveled gear 28 which meshes with a finaldrive bevel gear 29 carried by a driven shaft 30.

The pinions 24 also mesh with a, sun gear 3i mounted on suitablebearings 32 associated with a guide wheel shaft 33. The sun gear 3| isoperably connected to an impeller web 34 in any suitable manner as bymeans of splines 35.

The impeller web 34 supports an impeller shroud 36 in spaced relationtherewith in such a manner that an impeller channel 31 is interposedbetween the web 34 and shroud 36. Suitable impeller vanes 38 are carriedby the web and shroud members 34 and 36 respectively to guide the uidpassing through the impeller channel 31.

A rst stage turbine channel 39 is preferably positioned adjacent thedischarge end of the impeller channel 31, and a second stage turbine 40is interposed between a turbine shroud 4I. and the rotatable member 2I.'

A guide wheel 42 is preferably interposed between the first stageturbine channel 39 and the second stage turbine 40. The guide wheel 42is preferably formed with rectifying vanes 43 positioned to receive. thefluid from the first stage turbine channel 38. Main guide vanes 44 arepositioned to receive the fluid from the rectifying vanes 43 andtransmit it to the second stage turbine 43. The rectifying and mainvanes- 43 and 44 respectively are carried byaguide wheel shroud member45 operably connected in any suitable manner as by bolts 43v with theguide wheel shaft 33.

The rectifying vanes 43 and main vanes 44 of the guide wheel 42 may bewithdrawn into the guide wheel shroud 45 in any suitable manner as underthe influence of fluid reaction exerted thereon to move the vanesangularly on the helical slots 41 and 43 respectively interposed betweenthe vanes and the shroud 45. Yielding means such for example asconcentrically disposed springs 48 and 50 may be employed to yieldinglyurge the vanes 43 and 44 respectively into the uid channel. At heavyloads the rectifying and main vanes 43 and 44 are in the fluid channelas illustrated. At medium loads the rectify ing vanes 43'areprogressively moved by uid reaction into the guide wheel shroud. Atlight loads both the rectifying and main vanes 43 and 44 areprogressively moved out of the guide wheel channel into the shroud 45whereupon the device is transformed from a torque converter into aturboclutch to transmit power at a substantially 1:1 gear ratio withoutany increase in torque.

The rst stage turbine channel 39 preferably extends from the dischargeof the impeller channel 31 to the rectifying vanes 43 of the guide wheel42. A rst stage turbine shroud 52 is spaced from the rotatable housing2i and cooperates therewith to support a. plurality of spaced shafts 53and 54 pivotally mounted therein. Each of the shafts 53 is provided witha rec tifying vane 55 and each of the shafts 54 is provided with a mainvane 56. The shafts 53 and 54 may be formed with crank arms 51 and 53respectively, and these crank arms may be interconnected by any suitablemotion transmitting means such for example as a link 59.

In the operation of the device fluid issuing from the impeller channel31 is preferably directed in the direction of the arrow 30 and impingeson the rectifying vane 55. The rectifying vanes 55 are acted on by thereaction of the fluid passing through the first stage impeller channel31 and impart a portion of the energy of the fluid to the rotatablehousing 2|. The angular position of the rectifying vanes 55 varies inproportion to variations of the fluid reaction and the direction of flowof the fluid. Each of the main vanes 58 is provided with a projection53a which projects into a suitable aperture formed in a ring 56hrotatably mounted in the housing 2|. 'Ihe position of the ring 56hrelative to the housing 2| may be changed to vary the angular relationof the vanes. The crank arms 51 and 58 interconnected by the link 59induce the shaft 54 to move angularly in lresponse to angular movementof the shaft 53 whereupon the angular position of the main vanes 56 iscontrolled by the angular position of the rectifying vanes 55 asillustrated in Fig. 5 hereinafter more fully discussed.

The guide wheel which as pointed out above may be moved into the fluidcircuit to operate the turbounit as a torque converter, or be withdrawnto operate the unit as a turboclutch, is fixed to the guide wheel shaft33 which may be coaxially aligned with the driving shaft I. The guidewheel shaft 33 is. provided with a radially i; dange Illa terminating ina drum which a'y be engaged by a brake'band 't2 to Apinions it. Thepinions it divide the power `received between the ring gear it and thesun gear fl. The ring gear it is connected through the members itt, 2li,ft and ft with a shaft dit. The

. sun gear it driven by the pinions it is connected to the impeller webit to transmit a portion of the power from the pinions it to theimpeller bles it to energize the fluid. This power is transmitted fromthe impeller to the turbine, and from the turbine to the housing i l. Aregeneration of a portion of the power ls thus effected.

When it is desired to drive the turbounit in the forward directionwherein the sleeve il ro-l tates in the same direction as the drivingshaft i, a manually operable lever tf preferably having a, releasableratchet or hook may be actuated to operate a braking mechanism such forexple. as a hydraulic unit tt to urge the brake band t into engagementwith the flange if to loci: the sun gear` il against rotation. When thisis done the drive proceeds from the driving shaft Il through the ange i,studs i, pinion gears t, ring gear il, flange li to drive the rotatableelement il in the same direction as the admit duid under pressure to ahydraulic unit tt to urge the brake band iii into engagement with theange t to lock the ring gear l against rotation. The drive will thenproceed from the' driving shaft i through the dange t, pinion gears tiring gear il, and flange if to the rotatable housing it. Due to thevariation in the diameter of the ring gearsl and il, the rotatablehousing il will be rotated in the reverse direction relative to thedriving shaft i when the ring gear 'i is loclred against rotationwhereupon the sun gear it is rel and the pinions t rotate within thering gear l.

Fluid pressure in the conduit 6i may be provided by means of a huid pumpGt which may be driven by any suitable element such for example as thedriven shaft 3d, the engine or prime mover which transmits power to theturbounit, or some element driven by the rotatable housing 2i, orotherwise. When it is desired to release the brake band iii, the fluidpressure in the unit tt must be relieved. This is accomplished by 'anauxiliary valve tta of similar construction to the valve Gt. 'llhe valvedta is actuated by a portion tba of the pedal which actuates the valvett. The structure is such that one or the other of the valves tt or ttawill be open at all times. Ihe valve tta is positioned in an open-endedconduit btb and is moved to the open position by the portion tba of thepedal 65 when the pedal is released. It will be noted that the pump Gtoperates continuously and that the spring controlling the valve tf is socalibrated as to maintain the valve tt inthe closed position except whenactuated by the pedal it.

aaaas'so valve it with a conduit "it communicating with the hydraulicunit td beyond the valvebt re-I gardless of the position of the b and 82relative to the ,drum tia When the brake pedal filly is thus actuatedfluid pressure from the pump 69 is admitted to the hydraulic unit 8B tourge the brake band it into locking engagement with the drum t to lockthe ring gear 'i against rotation. The

rotatable housing fi is then rotated in the reverse direction 'and abraking force is developed to stop the vehicle `or other\device to whichthe unit is applied. l

To avoid the possibility of stalling the engine when the turbounit isthus shifted into reverse to exert a braking force and to increase thebraking force exerted by the turbounit, a conduit it communicating withthe conduit 'it may be provided to actuate the throttle valve of theengine to increase the speed and power output of the engineproportionate to movement of the brake pedal it to exert a brakingforce. A valve lia is provided \to 'relieve the fluid pressure withintheunit Stand conduit lb when the brake mechanism it is released. Thevalve lia and its actuating mechanism are similar to the valve ll. Whenone of the valves 'li or lla ls open the other valve is closed. Thevalve 'l la is positioned in an open-ended conduit lib and is actuatedby a portion 'tta of the pedal ld. V

In the event that a parking brake is desired or to hold the vehicle whenthe pump tt is not operating at a sucient lspeed to develop the pressurenecessary to actuate the device, a suitable brake applying mechanismsuch for example as a hydraulic unit 'll positioned to be engaged by thebrake pedal 'id after a substantially predetermined arc of movement, maybe provided to actuate conventional vehicle brakes.

When it is desired to actuate the device as a torque converter, asuitable actuating mechanism such for example as a hydraulic unit 'itmay be actuated to move rthe brake band fi into locking engagement withthe flange tl to hold the guide wheel shaft di and the guide wheelagainst rotation. When it is desired to transform the device from atorque converter to a turboclutch, the hydraulic unit 'it may bereleased to permit the guide wheel shaft td and the guide wheel torotate freely. The varies it and td are then free to rotate freely withthe guide wheel.

Referring now to Fig. 2 wherein an axial type turbounit is disclosed, itwill be observed that a driving shaft itl and a driven shaft It? arepreferably coaxially aligned. The driving shaft iti is provided with aradially extending flange |03 which carries an axially extendingcylinder itt. The cylinder itt is. provided with ilrst and second stageimpeller channels lfb and itt respectively interposed between impellershrouds itl and ift respectively supported by the cylinder itt.

The driven shaft iti is provided with axially extending inner and outercylinder members |09 and iid respectively which support rst and secondstage turbine channels ill and lf2 respectively. The first stage turbinechannel IH is interposed between a turbine web llt carried by a flangeill supported on the cylinder member stage turbine channel iii, secondstage impeller channel |06, second stage turbine channel H2; thencethrough a channel i2! interposed between the cylinder members and ||0and is directed to the'guide wheel channel M9 which communicates withthe first stage impeller channel |05.

One-way driving means such for example asa clutch |2|a interposedbetween a flange |22 carried by the housing H0 and a stationary member|23 may be provided to hold the housing H0 against rotation to operatethe device as a. torque converter, or to release the housing forrotation whereupon the device operates asa turboclutch to transmitpower. A

The guide wheel channel ||9 may be bounded by the guide wheel shroud|20, housing H0 and a flange |24 carried by the housing M8. Shafts |25and |25a may be provided to position entrance and discharge gates |26and |26a respectively in the guide wheel channel ||9. The entrance gates|26 are preferably fixed to the shafts |25 in such a' manner that theymove angularly upon rotation of the shafts |25. The shafts |25 may beformed with a crank arm |25b having a `weight |250 fixed thereto toiniiuer'rce the angular position of the gates |26 under certaincpnditions of operation, and a suitable spring |25d may also be providedto influence the angular position of the entrance gates |26 undercertain conditions of operation. The discharge gates |26a are preferablypivotally mounted on the shafts |25a in such a manner that they are freeto move anguiarly under the influence of fiuid reaction. The angularmovement of the discharge gates |26a is limited by stop members |21which may be carried by the flange |24.

The left hand portion of Fig. 3 illustrates diagrammatically theposition of the gates |26a when -the device is operating at light loadat high speed,

and the right hand portion of Fig. 3 illustrates diagrammatically theposition of the gates |26a at heavy loads when the device is operatingat relatively slow speed. The arrow indicates the direction of fiuidiiow through the guide wheel. A

A pair of spaced shafts |26 and |29 projects from the impeller shrouds|01 and |08 of the first and second stage impellers and preferablyextends through the cylinder |04. The shafts |28 and |29 are providedwith rectifying and main blades |30 and I 3| respectively fixed to theshafts. The shafts |28 and |29 are interconnected by suitable motiontransmitting means such for example as gear segments |32 and |33respectively. The left hand portion of Fig. 4 illustrates the positionof the impeller blades at light load wherein the device is operating atrelatively high speed, and the right hand portion of Fig. 4 illustratesthe position occupied by the blades when the device is 'operating atheavy loads at relatively low speeds. It will be observed that the arrow|34 of Fig. 4 indicates the direction of rotation of the impeller.

The first stage turbine channel is provided with rectifying vanes |36and main vanes |31 fixed to suitable shafts |38 and |39 respectivelycarried by the turbine web ||3 and turbine shroud ||4. Each of theshafts |36 and |30 is provided with a crank |40 and |4| respectivelyoperably interconnected by means of a link |4| in such a manner that theangular position of the rectifying vane |36 will affect the angularposition ofthe main vanes |31. Main vanes |31 are movable angularly andare restrained from moving beyond a substantially predetermined angularposition by means of stops |42 and |43. The arrow |44 of Fig. 5illustrates the direction of rotation of the turbine. The left handportion of Fig. 5 shows the approximate angularposition which theturbine vanes will occupy when the device is operating at light load atrelatively high speed, and the right hand portion of Fig. 5 illustratesthe approximate angular position of the vanes when the device isoperating at heavy loads at relatively slow speeds. The arrow |45illustrates diagrammatically the general direction of the iiuid flowthrough the device past the vanes when the device is operating at lightloads at relatively high speeds, and the arrow |46 indicates the generaldirection of fiuid flow when the device is operating at heavy loads atrelatively slow speeds.

Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate interconnected rectifying and main vanes and|5| positioned in a radially extending turbine channel |52. The turbinechannel |52 is interposed between a turbine web |53 and a turbine shroud|54. The rectifying and main vanes |50 and |5| are fixed to shafts |55and |56 respectively. The shafts |55 and |56 are provided with cranks|51 and v|58 operably connected by means of motion transmitting meanssuch for example as a link |59. One of the cranks,|51 and |58 may beprovided with a counterweight |60, and a spring |6| may be provided toresist the force exerted 4by the counterweight |60 in controlling theangular position of the rectifying and. main vanes |50 and |5| whichposition is also influenced by the reaction of fiuid passing through theturbine channel |52.

Figs. 8 and 9 disclose a radial impeller channel interposed between animpeller web |66 and an impeller shroud |61. 'I'he fluid flow throughthe impeller channel |65 is in the direction of y the arrow |66, and thefluid passes over rectifying and main vanes |69 and |10 fixed to spacedshafts |1| and |12 respectively carried by the impeller web and shroudmembers |66 and |61. Suitable motion transmitting means such for exampleas segmental gears |13 and |14 carried by the shafts |1| and |12 areprovided to vary the angular position of the main vanes in response tovariation of angular movement of rectifying vanes |50 under theinfluence of fiuid reaction in the impeller channel |65. A suitablecounterweight |15 may be carried by an arm |16 xed to one of the shafts1| and |12 if desired, and suitable resilient means |11 operablyconnected to the arm |16 may be provided to exert a force to influencethe angular position of th'e rectifying and main vanes |69 and |10 ifdesired.

The embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 10 issimilar in manyrespects to that illustrated in Fig. 2, and corresponding parts havetherefore been given corresponding reference numerals with the additionof |00.

It will be observed that the impeller web 204 operably connected to thedriving shaft 20| aaiasso int rposed between the shafts 2W and Ztl and`the vanes 232 and 283 respectively to yieldingly urge them toward asubstantially predetermined angular position and to permit them to move'angularly from said position under the influence of duid reactionexerted thereon.

It is to be understood that the various features disclosed in thedifferent embodiments of this invention may be combined with each otherwithout departing from the spirit of my invention.

This is a continuation-impart of my copending application Serial No.547,256, now Patent/ No. 2,271,919, issued February 3, 1942.

li claim:

l. In a iiuid power transmission, a casing, a quantity of fluid in thecasing, a driving vane wheel energizing the uld, driven vane wheelscoaxial with the driving vane wheel absorbing iary blades, the auxiliaryblades regulating thel position of the main blades. A

2. In a fluid power transmission, a casing, fluid and rotary juxtaposedblade wheels in the casing, v

a iiuid channel vin the blade wheels. at least one of the wheels havinga plurality of sets of vanesv including main and auxiliary vanes, andconnecting means between the main and auxiliary vanes, the auxiliaryvanes controlling the position of the main varies.

3. In a transmission device for a vehicle, a driving shaft, a turbounit,speed varying and reverse driving means interposed between the 'drivingshaft and turbounit, a drivenmember, a source of fluid pressure drivenby said driven member, and means under the influence of said source wpressure to actuate the reverse driving means whereby the turbounit maybe employed as a vehicle brake.

ll. In a transmission for a motor vehicle having a throttle controlledprime mover, a turbounit, speed varying and reverse means between thedriving shaft and turbounit, a source of fluid pressure, means actuatedby said source of fluid pressure to control the speed varying andreverse means, manually operable means to control said fluid pressuremeans, and means to progressively increase the power developed by theprime mover when the manually operable means is actuated.

5. In a transmission, a driving shaft, a turbounit, speed varying meansincluding a reverse mechanism between the driving shaft and turbounit, asource of fluid pressure independent of the turbounit, a brake pedal,and means controlled by the brake pedal and actuated by said fluidpressure to reverse the direction of rotation of the turbounit wherebythe turbounit may be employed es a brake.

6. 1n a transmission, a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a turbounitinterposed between the driving and driven shafts, speed varying andreverse means associated with the turbounit, a source of fluid pressureindependent of the'turbounit, manually operable means controlling thesource of duid pressure to actuate the reverse means whereby theturbounit may exert a braking force.

'7. In a power transmitting device, a driving shaft, a driven shaft, aturboclutch interposed between the driving and driven shafts, reversedrive means associated with the turboclutch, a

source ofiiuid pressure responsiveto the speed of the driven shaft, andmanually operable means controlling the source of nuid pressuretoactuate b'ralring device, and means controlled by the man-` uallyoperable'means to actuate the throttle to increase-the braking powerdeveloped.,V y l 9. In a turbounit, driving and drivenmembers, impellerand turbine wheels associated with the driving and driven members andforming a channel for the circulation of power transmitting fluid, aplurality of sets ofangularly movable vanes comprising rectifying andmain` varies positioned in the circuit. and connecting `means betweenthe rectifying and main vanes whereby the angular position of the mainvenes 'is influenced by the angular position of the vrectifying vanes,

10. In a transmission device for a. vehicle having brakes, a drivingshaft, a driven shaft, alturbounit interposed between the drivinganddriven shafts, forward and' reverse driving `means between thedriving shaft and turbounit, pressure inducing means .under the inuenceof the driven shaft, means operated by the pressure inducing means toactuate the forward and reverse driving means, selectively operablemanual means controlling the pressure inducing means to actuatethe'forward andy reverse driving means, manually operable meanscontrolling the pressure inducing means to reverse the direction of theturbounit to applya braking force, and means operable after asubstantially predetermined movement of said manually operable means toactuate the vehicle brakes.

1l. An axial type turbounit comprising driving and driven shafts, aplurality of spaced impeller elements operably connected to the drivingshaft, a plurality of turbine elements operably connected to the drivenshaft, each of the turbine elements being spaced to lie adjacent each ofthe impeller elements and cooperating therewith to form a powertransmitting fluid circuit, rectifying and main vanes positioned in thecircuit,l and motion transmitting connecting means interposed betweenthe rectifying and main vanes whereby the angular position of the mainvanes is iniiuenced by the angular position of the rectifying vanes.

l2. In a transmission, a driving shaft, a turbounit including arotatable housing, speed ratio varying means driven by the driving shaftto rotate the rotatable housing of the tubounit, va driven shaft, andmotion transmitting means driven by said rotatable housing to direct aportion of the power to the driven shaft and to redirect the remainderof the power through the housing to the speed ratio varying means.

13. In a transmission, a driving shaft, a turbounit including arotatable-housing, forward and reverse drive means driven by the drivingshaft to rotate the rotatable housing, a driven shaft,power-transmitting means driven by the rotatable housing to direct aportion of the power to the driven shaft and to redirect the remainderof the power through the housing to the forward and reverse drive means,and manually operable source of pressure to actuate the speed varyingmem,

15,. In a um wa driving shaft, a driven shaft. a turhounit comprising arotatable housing interposed between the driving and driven shafts,speed varying means between the driving shaft and turbounit,power-transmitting means driven by the speed-varying means to direct aportion of the power through to the turbounit to the driven shaft and toredirect the remainder of the power to the speed varying means, areaction member inthe turbounit. and means to selectively release thereaction member to rotate with the housing whereby the unit may operateas a turboclutch or to lock the reaction member against rotation wherebythe device may operate as a torque converter.

V16. In a transmission for a. Vehicle, a driving shaft. a driven shaft.a turbounit comprising a rotatablehousing interposed between the drivingand driven shafts. speed varying and reverse .-f device. a. drivingEhem' driving means between the driving shaft and turbounit. powertransmitting means driven by thespeedvaryimrandreversedrivingmeanstodirect a portion of the power to the driven shalt and to redirect theremainder of the power through the turbounit to the speed varying andreverse driving means, a reaction member in the tiirbounit, means toselectively release the renc,.- tion member to rotate with the-housingwhereby the unit may operate as a turboclutch or to lock the reactionmember against rotation whereby the device may operate as a torqueconverter,

' and manually operable means to operate the re- 'verse driving meanswhereby thewtgrbounit may be employedas a vehicle brake.

l?. In a transmission device. driving and driven shafts, a turbounitcomprising impeller and turbine wheels cooperating to form apower-transmitting fluid circuit, speed varying means between thedriving shaft and turbounit, a plurality of sets of angularly movablevanes including rectii'ying and main vanes positioned in the circuit,connecting means between the rectiiying and main vanes whereby theangular position of the main vanes is iniiuenced by the angular positionof the rectifying vanes, and power-transmitting means driven by thespeed varying means to drive the driven shaft whereby a portion of thepower is transmitted to the driven shaft and the remainder ot the poweris redirected to the JOSEPH JANDABEK.

`speed varying means.

